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Peoples Republic of Bangladesh
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Country
Name |
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People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Short Form: Bangladesh |
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Data Code |
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BG |
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Government Type |
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Republic |
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Constitution |
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4th November 1972, effective from 16th December 1972. |
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Legal System |
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Based on English Common Law |
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Suffrage |
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18 years of Age. |
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Executive Branch |
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Chief of State: President
Head of Government: Elected Prime Minister Cabinet.
Cabinet selected by the Prime Minister and appointed by
the President. |
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Legislative Branch |
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Unicameral National Parliament (Jatiya Sangshad) – 330
seats elected by popular vote from single territorial
constituencies. |
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Judicial Branch |
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Supreme Court. The Chief Justice and Judges are
appointed by the President. |
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Political Parties |
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Major Political Parties
BNP – Bangladesh Nationalist Party
AL - Awami League
Jamaat - Jamaat-e-Islam
JP - Jatiyo Party
BCP – Bangladesh Communist Party |
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Fundamental Principles of State Policy
The principles of absolute trust and faith in the Almighty Allah,
nationalism, democracy and socialism meaning economic and social
justice constitute the Fundamental Principles of State Policy:
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1 |
Absolute trust and faith in the Almighty Allah as the
basis of all actions. |
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2 |
Promotion of local government institutions. |
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3 |
Participation of women in national life. |
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4 |
Democracy & human rights. |
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5 |
Principles of state, co-operative and private ownership. |
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6 |
Emancipation of peasants and workers from all forms of
exploitation. |
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7 |
Provision of basic necessities of life |
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8 |
Rural development and agricultural revolution |
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9 |
Free & compulsory primary education. |
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10 |
Free education for girls up to grade eight in all rural
areas. |
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11 |
Promotion of family planning mother and child health
care and reduction of fertility. |
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12 |
Improvement of public health and reductions of mortality
and morbidity. |
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Ensuring equality and opportunity |
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Work as a right and duty for every able citizen. |
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Separation of judiciary from the executive. |
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Protection of national monuments, objects or places of
special artistic or historic importance or interest. |
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17 |
Promotion of regional cooperation in the South Asia
region through SAARC. |
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18 |
Promotion of international peace, security and
solidarity and consolidation, preservation and
strengthening fraternal relations among Muslim
countries. |
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Fundamental rights as provided by the Constitution
People’s Republic of Bangladesh
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Equality of all citizens before law. |
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No discrimination against any citizen on grounds of religion, race,
sex or place of birth. |
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Equality of opportunity in public employment. |
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Right to protection of law. |
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Probition of forced labour |
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Safeguards as to arrest and detention. |
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Protection in respect of trial and punishment. |
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Freedom
of movement, assembly, association, thouhgt and con-science and
of speech, profession or occupation and religion. |
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Rights of property. |
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Protection of the privacy of home and correspondence. |
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Enforcement
of fundamental rights through courts of law. |
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Laws and enactment's inconsistennt with fundamental right are void. |
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The Judicial System
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The
Supreme Court of Bangladesh is the highest judicial
organ in the country and comprises the Appellate
Division and the High Court Division, The Supreme Court
consists of the Chief Justice and a number of other
Judges. The Chief Justice and the Judges appointed to
the Appellate Division sit only in that division and
other Judges sit in the High Court Division |
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The
President appoints the Chief Justice and other Judges. A
Judge holds office until he attains the age of 65 (sixty
five) years. |
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The Appellate Division hears and determines appeals from
Judges, degrees, orders or sentences of the High Court
Division |
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The High Court Division has superintendence and control
over the Subordinate Courts and functions as the
Appellate Court. |
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Administrative tribunals exercise jurisdiction in
respect of matters as specified in the constitution.
There are currently two administrative tribunals |
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At the district level, the District Court is headed by
the District and Sessions Judge who is assisted by
Additional District Judges, Subordinate Judges,
Assistant Judges and Magistrates |
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